SOURCES – 10 odd beauty standards from American history

The following sources were consulted in the preparation of the article “10 odd beauty standards from American history.”

Public Domain Review. (n.d.). Circassian beauties. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/circassian-beauties/

Nena Sterner. (n.d.). It’s all relative: How beauty standards have evolved throughout history. Nena Sterner. https://www.nenasterner.com/journal/its-all-relative-how-beauty-standards-have-evolved-throughout-history

Women in World History Project. (n.d.). For centuries, a high smooth forehead was the ultimate beauty ideal for women. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/WomenInWorldHistory/posts/for-centuries-a-high-smooth-forehead-was-the-ultimate-beauty-ideal-for-womenso-m/697033423033351

Smithsonian Institution. (n.d.). Dr. James P. Campbell’s safe arsenic complexion wafers. Smithsonian National Museum of American History. https://www.si.edu/object/dr-james-p-campbells-safe-arsenic-complexion-wafers%3Anmah_1339217

Wikipedia. (2025, March 10). Gibson Girl. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Girl

The Henry Ford. (n.d.). The hair-raising history of women’s body hair. The Henry Ford. https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/the-hair-raising-history-of-women%27s-body-hair

Bevier Collection, Illinois State Museum. (n.d.). 1870s–1880s: Keeping up with changing fashion. Illinois State Museum. https://bevier-collection.museum.state.il.us/content/1870s-1880s-keeping-changing-fashion

Stevens, S. C., & Ordoñez, M. T. (2005). Fashionable and Work Shoes from a Nineteenth-Century Boston Privy. Historical Archaeology, 39(4), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03376701

Fashionista. (2016, July 26). From sunlight to sunless tanners: The history of our tan. Fashionista. https://fashionista.com/2016/07/history-of-tanning