SOURCES – 11 workplace standards that slowly disappeared over time

The following sources were consulted in the preparation of the article “11 workplace standards that slowly disappeared over time.”

Apprenticeship | Definition, History & Facts. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/apprenticeship

Economic Times HR World. (2021, November 3). The modern day dilemma of job hopping. https://hr.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/workplace-4-0/the-modern-day-dilemma-of-job-hopping/87493278

Lost Art Press. (2013). Recommended tool list for a union carpenter, 1970. https://blog.lostartpress.com/2013/12/19/recommended-tool-list-for-a-union-carpenter-1970/ — shows how carpenters were expected to own and use their own tools on the job.

Thompson, E. P. (1967). Time, work-discipline, and industrial capitalism. Past & Present, 38, 56–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/38.1.56

Zieger, R. H. (1994). American workers, American unions: The twentieth century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Kessler, S. R. (1984). Personnel management in the American railroad industry, 1880–1930. Business History Review, 58(2), 207–232.

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 10, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act_of_1938

Anger, S. (2008). Overtime work as a signaling device. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 55(2), 167–189. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/68492

Gutman, H. G. (1976). Work, culture, and society in industrializing America: Essays in American working‑class and social history. Alfred A. Knopf.

Lee, S. (2004). Seniority as an employment norm: The case of layoffs and promotion in the U.S. employment relationship. Socio‑Economic Review, 2(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/soceco/2.1.65