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SOURCES – The 4 most (and 5 least) intelligent US presidents based on their IQs

The following sources were consulted in the preparation of the article “The 4 most (and 5 least) intelligent US presidents based on their IQs.”

  1. All The US Presidents, Ranked By IQ
  2. Presidential IQ, Openness, Intellectual Brilliance, and Leadership: Estimates and Correlations for 42 U.S. Chief Executives
  3. John Quincy Adams: Life Before the Presidency
  4. Thomas Jefferson: Life in Brief
  5. About the Book
  6. Clinton Biographies: William Jefferson Clinton
  7. Lieutenant James Earl Carter Jr., USN
  8. Calvin Coolidge
  9. William Howard Taft
  10. Andrew Johnson
  11. The Life and Presidency of Warren G. Harding
  12. Ulysses S. Grant